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Bacha bāzī ((ペルシア語:بچه بازی), literally "playing with boys"; from ''bacha'', "child", and ''bāzī'', "game") is a slang term in Afghanistan for a wide variety of activities that involve homosexual pedophilia and pederasty. The perpetrator is commonly called Bacha Baz (meaning "pedophile" in Persian). It may include to some extent child pornography, sexual slavery and child prostitution in which prepubescent and adolescent boys are sold to wealthy or powerful men for entertainment and sexual activities.〔("Boys in Afghanistan Sold Into Prostitution, Sexual Slavery" ), ''Digital Journal'', Nov 20, 2007〕 Bacha bazi has existed throughout history,〔Coomaraswamy, Radhika (Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Children ) at United Nations General Assembly, October 14, 2009〕 and is currently reported in various parts of Afghanistan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bacha bazi in Northern Afghanistan (Mazar-e-sharif) Shamali culture. )〕〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The dancing boys of Afghanistan )〕 Force and coercion are a common component of this abuse, and security officials state they are unable to end it because many of the men involved in bacha bazi-related activities are powerful and well-armed warlords including former Northern Alliance commanders.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Transcript )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bacha Bazi: The Tragedy of Afghanistan’s Dancing Boys )〕 During the Taliban's rule (1994-2001), bacha bazi carried the death penalty.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The dancing boys of Afghanistan )〕〔''London Times'': (Kandahar Men Return to Original Love: Teenage Boys. ) January 27, 2002. Accessed February 9, 2015.〕 The practice of dancing boys is illegal under Afghan law, being "against both sharia law and the civil code",〔 but the laws are seldom enforced against powerful offenders and police have been reportedly complicit in related crimes.〔Quraishi, Najibullah (Uncovering the world of "bacha bazi" ) at New York Times April 20, 2010〕〔Bannerman, Mark (The Warlord's Tune: Afghanistan's war on children ) at Australian Broadcasting Corporation February 22, 2010〕 Allegations have surfaced that US forces in Afghanistan after the Invasion of Afghanistan intentionally ignored Bacha Bazi, also called "boy play".〔("10 Mistakes the US Made in Afghanistan Before It Bombed a Hospital," ) ''Sputnik'' (06.10.2015). Retrieved 06.10.2015.〕 The military denied this, but claimed that it was largely the responsibility of the local Afghan government. ==History== Bacha bazi is a form of pederasty which has been prevalent in Central Asia since antiquity. It waned in the big cities after World War I, for reasons that dance historian Anthony Shay describes as "Victorian era prudery and () severe disapproval of colonial powers such as the Russians, British, and French, and the post-colonial elites who had absorbed those Western colonial values." A number of Western travellers through Central Asia have reported on the phenomenon of the bacchá. Visiting Turkestan in 1872 to 1873, Eugene Schuyler observed that, "here boys and youths specially trained take the place of the dancing-girls of other countries. The moral tone of the society of Central Asia is scarcely improved by the change". His opinion was that the dances "were by no means indecent, though they were often very lascivious." At this date there were already signs of official disapproval of the practice. Wrote Schuyler: These "''batchas''", or dancing-boys, are a recognised institution throughout the whole of the settled portions of Central Asia, though they are most in vogue in Bokhara and the neighbouring Samarkand. In the khanate of Khokand public dances have for some years been forbidden - the formerly licentious Khan having of late put on a semblance of morality and severity.... In Tashkent ''batchas'' flourished until 1872, when a severe epidemic of cholera influenced the Mullahs to declare that dancing was against the precepts of the Koran, and at the request of the leaders of the native population, the Russian authorities forbade public dances during that summer. Schuyler remarked that the ban had barely lasted a year, so enthusiastic were the Sarts for a ''bazem'' "dance". He further describes the respect and affection the dancers often received: These ''batchas'' are as much respected as the greatest singers and ''artistes'' are with us. Every movement they make is followed and applauded, and I have never seen such breathless interest as they excite, for the whole crowd seems to devour them with their eyes, while their hands beat time to every step. If a ''batcha'' condescends to offer a man a bowl of tea, the recipient rises to take it with a profound obeisance, and returns the empty bowl in the same way, addressing him only as ''Taxir'', 'your Majesty', or ''Kulluk'' 'I am your slave'. Even when a ''batcha'' passes through the bazaar all who know him rise to salute him with hands upon their hearts, and the exclamation of ''Kulluk''! and should he deign to stop and rest in any shop, it is thought a great honour. He also reports that a rich patron would often help establish a favourite dancer in business after he had grown too old to carry on his profession.〔Schuyler, Eugene, (''Turkistan: Notes of a Journey in Russian Turkistan, Khokand, Bukhara and Kuldja'' ) (London: Sampson, Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington) 1876, Vol.I pp 132-3〕 Count Konstantin Konstantinovich Pahlen, during his travels through the area in 1908 and 1909, described such dances, and commissioned photographs of the dancers:〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10829 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10830 )〕 Cushions and rugs were fetched, on which we gratefully reclined, great carpets were spread over the court, the natives puffed at their narghiles, politely offering them to us, and the famous Khivan bachehs made their entrance. Backstage, an orchestra mainly composed of twin flutes, kettle drums, and half a dozen man-sized silver trumpets took up its stand. Opposite us a door left slightly ajar led to the harem quarters. We caught a glimpse of flashing eyes as the inmates thronged to the door to have a good look at us and watch the performance. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bacha bazi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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